MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHEN HEMISPHERE AS OF JULY 2019
Air temperature
From the first days of July to the end of the month, the weather in the European Territory of Russia was abnormally cold. The average air temperatures were 1-3° below the normal value in each of the three decades. Unprecedented colds were recorded again and again, and not only on a daily scale but on a monthly basis as well. For example, new temperature minima for July were set in a number of locations throughout the Central and Volga Federal Districts. The centre of Russia has not seen such cold midsummer since 1985. There, July was colder than June. To be honest, June was very hot this year, and this event could hardly be called a rare exception as it happened for the twentieth time in the 129-year history of meteorological observations in Russia (i.e., once in 6-7 years) and for the second time in the 21st century, 2013 being the first occasion.
The south of the Urals, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District to the east of it and most of the Krasnoyarsk Territory were indulged in warmth, and conquered by heat from time to time. There, the air could warm up to new maximum values in certain places. In Siberia, the air temperature was 3-6° above the normal value in the first and second decades. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District and Urals, the thermometer readings crossed a +30° mark sometimes.
In the Far East, the weather was moderately warm in general, apart from eastern Yakutia and Chukotka where new temperature maxima were recorded but the cold finally penetrated in the third decade.
MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHEN HEMISPHERE AS OF JUNE 2019
Air Temperature
Record-breaking heat that settled in the southern ETR at the end of spring routinely migrated to the beginning of summer. All through the first decade, new air temperature maxima were recorded in the Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories, Crimea and North Caucasus. In the middle of the decade, the heat spread to the central and south-western regions where new records were set as well. The thermometer readings in the Moscow, Kaluga and Ryazan Regions and in some other ones steadily rose to above +30°. The decade-averaged air temperatures exceeded their normal values by 3-5° or more everywhere from Karelia to the Black Sea. The temperature anomalies in this decade were even larger in Yakutia, Eastern Siberia and the north of the Far East (up to 5-8° and above). But the weather was cold between these foci of heat, namely, in the Urals, in Western Siberia, in the Upper Volga and in the south of the Far East.
The same picture was observed in the second decade when the unprecedented temperature maxima were recorded in the ETR and in the east of the country. In this decade, the anomalies became even higher: up to and above +6-8° in the European part, and up to and above +6-10° along the Arctic coast from Taimyr to Chukotka.