MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHEN HEMISPHERE AS OF OCTOBER 2020

Air Temperature

The abnormally warm weather which reigned in the ETR during the first month of autumn smoothly migrated to October. The anomalies of decade-averaged temperature at the beginning of the month grew even higher: up to +5-7°. New daily temperature maxima were recorded both in the north (Nizhny Novgorod and Vyborg) and in the south (the Crimea and the Black Sea coast of Caucasus). In the second decade, the weather remained relatively warm in the central regions, and became still warmer in the south and south-east. The thermometer readings in the Crimea and the Black Sea coast approached the 30-degree mark and crossed it in some places. But at the end of the decade, autumn disclosed itself at last and brought first night frosts to the Moscow, Black Earth, Volgograd and Rostov Regions. Yet, the weather in the ETR, remarkably in its south, was abnormally warm until the end of the month. As a result, October 2020 in Central Russia became the warmest for the entire 130-year history of meteorological observations. The previous long-lived achievement of 1896 was exceeded by more than half a degree right away. In the South Federal District, this October was the third warmest; as for the ETR as a whole, the monthly-averaged temperature reached an absolute maximum exceeding the previous one set in 1923 and later repeated in 2008.
In the Urals and to the east of them, the month was also very warm. The average air temperature in the second decade was 5-7° higher than normal in certain areas, most noticeably in the north-east where new highs were recorded for several days in succession. And eventually, this October in the northern regions of the Far East turned out to be the warmest one in the meteorological chronicle. As for the south of Siberia, cool weather with sub-normal temperatures persisted in the first decade and furnished the temperature anomalies of -3…-4°.

MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHEN HEMISPHERE AS OF SEPTEMBER 2020

Air Temperature

The abnormally warm weather which had set in the ETR in August remained warm in early September. The air temperatures averaged for the first decade of September exceeded the normal values by 2-5° or more. `New temperature maxima were observed in the Black Earth Region and in the south, in the Astrakhan and Rostov Regions, and in the Crimea. In the second decade, the anomalous heat solely survived in the south but also came to the far-eastern Kaliningrad Region where no such warmth in mid-September has ever been seen for more than 70 years. New daily temperature maxima were recorded there. As for the other regions of the ETR, the temperature conditions normalised, or even tended to negative anomalies in the Volga Region. But in the third decade, everything changed again. Almost the entire ETR fell under the spell of "Old Wives' summer," and the decade-averaged temperature anomalies reached +5° or more. New temperature maxima were recorded in the north-west of Russia at that time.
All September, extreme warmth dominated over the entire Arctic region of Russia. Again and again, unprecedented temperature maxima were recorded on Frantz Joseph Land, on Vize, Golomyanny and Kotelny Islands, on Cape Chelyuskin, in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, in Yakutia, in the Magadan Region and in the north of the Khabarovsk Territory. The temperatures in Eastern Siberia and in Yakutia were 2-6 or more degrees higher than usual.