MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHEN HEMISPHERE AS OF NOVEMBER 2021
Air Temperature
In the north of the ETR, cold weather changed to abnormal warmth at the beginning of November and remained warm until the middle of the month. The rest of the ETR received even more heat (resulting in the anomalies of up to +3…5°) in the first decade. Nevertheless, colds on some days did take place there: -25° frosts were already observed in the north, and cold spells were noted in the Black Earth region, in the North Caucasus and in the Crimea. In the second decade, the temperature became normal in the central region or even lower than that in the south. But in the third decade, the heat triumphed again. Positive anomalies reached 2-3°, and new daily temperature maxima were set in the midland part (Ryazan and Moscow Regions, etc.). Bitter colds came to the north of the ETR at the end of the month. In the Arctic zone, the average air temperature in the third decade was 3-5° below the normal value.
In the vast territory from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean, especially in Siberia and in the Far East, the month was warmer than usual almost everywhere apart from the extreme north-east of the country. In Yakutia, in the Trans-Baikal and Cis-Baikal Territories, in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and in the Republics of Tyva and Altai, new daily temperature maxima were recorded – for several days in succession sometimes. As a rule, the decade-averaged temperatures were 5-10 or more degrees higher than normal. At the same time, the air temperature on some days already dropped as low as -40° in Yakutia or -35° in Chukotka.
MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHEN HEMISPHERE AS OF OCTOBER 2021
Air Temperature
Air Temperature
Cold September in the ETR gave way to a moderately cool October. In the first decade, the weather was abnormally cold in the southern and central Russia where the decade-averaged temperature anomalies reached -2…-4° or lower, with new daily minima recorded in the Smolensk, Tambov, Tula, Oryol, Belgorod and Moscow Regions as well as in the republics of Tatarstan and Udmurtia. In the second and third decades, the temperature returned to its normal value or even slightly above it everywhere save for the south: the frosts in the Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts at the end of the month were as cold as -4…-10° or below. In general, frosts in the ETR were not uncommon in October, but the unprecedented temperature highs were also observed: for example, in the Murmansk Region and the Komi Republic in the north of the ETR in the first half of the month, and in the north-west and centre of the ETR in the second half of October.
This is in contrast to the territories east of the Urals. There, the temperature averages fluctuated around the normal figures in the third decade but overshoot them remarkably in the second and third ones: by as much as 6-11° or more in Siberia and Yakutia. New temperature maxima were repeatedly established both in the north and the east of Siberia, and in Yakutia. During the month, cold weather prevailed in the north of the Far East, but the south of this region was overwhelmed by extreme heat in the third decade. New temperature highs were repeatedly recorded in the Amur Region and in the south of the Khabarovsk Territory where the monthly-averaged temperature anomalies reached +3-4°or more.
As a result, the monthly-averaged air temperature was higher than normal in most of the country: by 2-3° and more in the European Territory, and by 4-6° and more in the Asian Territory of Russia. Sub-normal monthly averages were measured in the north-east of the country, as well as in the south of the ETR. And as for the federal districts, the monthly-averaged temperature turned out to be lower than normal in the North Caucasian Federal District only, and was either normal or increased in all the other ones.
The monthly-averaged temperatures in most of East Asia were close to normal, with the exception of some locations where the normal values were exceeded in the south-west of China in the provinces of Yunnan and Sichuan, and in the north of Japan. In Japan, the unprecedented high temperatures were recorded in the first decade of the month: the thermometer readings rose above 30° sometimes. Conversely, the Korean Peninsula and the east of China were hit by bitter colds in the middle of the month, and new temperature minima down to -10° or below were established in these areas.