MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHEN HEMISPHERE AS OF APRIL 2022
Air Temperature
From the first days of April, the southern regions of the ETR were in possession of extreme heat. At times, the thermometer readings rose above 25-30° to result in new daily temperature maxima. The air temperatures averaged for the first decade were 3-5° higher than normal in the south of the ETR, and close to normal in the northern and partly the central regions only. But in the second decade, abnormal heat came to the Russian North as well, with new air temperature maxima in the Arctic. And finally, the whole picture dramatically changed in the third decade. The heat survived in the south only where temperature maxima in excess of +30° were established again in the Volgograd and Astrakhan Regions as well as in the Krasnodar Territory and in the North Caucasus, whereas the weather in the northern and central regions became noticeably colder. The thermometer readings in the Moscow, Oryol, Belgorod, Kursk, Tambov and Lipetsk Regions and in the Volga region would drop to -3…-5° and below at night, and the temperature averages for the third decade turned out to be normal or even 1-2° lower than that.
Similar to the ETR, the first two decades in the Urals were warm. In the second decade, new temperature maxima were recorded in the Southern Urals and in neighbouring Bashkiria, the air temperatures rising above +25° sometimes. In the third decade, similar to the ETR again, colds came to this area, and temperatures below -5° were observed in Bashkiria and in the Chelyabinsk, Kurgan and Sverdlovsk Regions.
MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHEN HEMISPHERE AS OF MARCH 2022
Air temperature
Warm weather that set in the European Territory of Russia in February remained warm at the beginning of March. In the first decade, new daily maxima of air temperature were recorded in the Komi Republic as well as in the Vologda, Tver, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ryazan, Moscow and Smolensk Regions. The decade-averaged temperatures exceeded the normal values everywhere except for the Russian North and the Crimea. But in the second decade, the temperature patterns changed sharply. Cold weather prevailed in the central and southern regions of the ETR, daily temperature minima were recorded in the Middle and Lower Volga regions, and the air cooled down to -30…-37° in Udmurtia, the Kirov Region and the Perm Territory. In the south, night frosts were observed, new daily temperature minima were measured in the Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories, and the average temperature anomalies in the second decade could reach -5° or lower values. But in the north of the ETR, the cold of the first decade was replaced by the record-breaking warmth, and the decade-averaged temperatures were 1-2 or more degrees higher than normal. The third decade turned everything upside down again and brought back positive anomalies everywhere save for the southern regions. New daily maxima were recorded in Karelia, in the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk Regions, in the north-western region, in the north-east of Central Russia, in the Middle Volga and in the Republic of Mari El.
As a result of all these perturbations, the monthly-averaged air temperature was remarkably higher than normal (by two or more degrees) in Karelia and in the Murmansk Region only; otherwise, the averages were normal in most of the ETR, with weak negative anomalies in the south and partly in the Volga region and weak positive ones in the rest of the territory. This March was colder than February in the Central Federal District, and has not been so cold in the south of the ETR for more than ten years.