The key weather and climate features in the northern hemisphere in October 2015
Air temperature
Last October was memorable with the abnormally cold weather in the European part of Russia. A record cold was registered in Ryazan, Lipetsk, Tambov, Belgorod, Kursk, Smolensk, in the Volga region and the Stavropol Territory. During any decade, and in general for the month, the average monthly air temperature was below the norm (in the Perm region - approximately by 2ºC). In European Russia so cool October is no longer an uncommon thing. At about the same cold it was in the previous year. Over 15 years of 21 century, 3 Octobers were among the ten coldest in the past 125 years of weather observations.
Warm weather prevailed most part of the month beyond the Urals. In the first decade in the Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Altai Territory, the Altai Mountains and the Republic of Tuva new temperature maximums were recorded. The same thing happened in the north of Yakutia and Chukotka. In the south of Siberia, the Trans-Baikal Territory and along the Arctic coast of Russia the October temperature norm was considerably exceeded. In Chukotka, Taimyr and Arctic islands - by 4-6ºC. However, on some days severe frosts occurred in the Polar Urals and the lower reaches of the Ob River. Thermometer drops below -20ºC, in Yakutia below -30ºC.
The key weather and climate features in the northern hemisphere in September 2015
Air temperature
Extremely warm weather was maintained in European Russia in the second half of September. Numerous daily maximum temperature have been recorded from Novaya Zemlya to the North Caucasus. The thermometer repeatedly rose above +30°C, which was a rare event even during the last summer in European Russia. Average air temperature in the third decade of the month exceeded the norm by 4-9°C, while on a monthly basis - by 3-5°C. Nature vividly reacted to such a warm weather. In the south, there were flowers on apple and the lilacs bloomed for the second time in a year. In Crimea, last September was the warmest in the history of meteorological observations. In the Russian north, the south of Russia and in the Volga region, it was the third warmest one. Such heat was not seen over the last 20 years; the records belong to the mid-30s of the last century. On the last day of the month freeze reached the Black Earth region. At night, there were recorded temperatures from -1°C to -3°C.
It was abnormally warm in the Russian sector of the Arctic. In northern Evenki and Yakutia, as well as on the Arctic islands the daily maximum temperature was exceeded and monthly mean values have surpassed the norm by 2-3°C or more.